WASHINGTON—President Trump plans to sign an executive order on Monday escalating his battle against Democratic-led states and cities that don’t fully cooperate with federal immigration authorities, a key barrier to the mass deportations he has promised.

Trump campaigned on the promise to defund sanctuary cities and the orders he signed Monday come just around the 100-day mark of his administration.

The federal government will develop a list of sanctuary jurisdictions that would likely include Massachusetts and Boston, potentially threatening their access to federal funds.