THE etiology of a pleural effusion can at times be difficult to establish. Pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchogenic carcinoma are notorious in this regard, and in both diseases it is mandatory that ...

An empyema — a purulent collection within the pleural space, most commonly bacterial in origin — is tuberculous in roughly 9% of cases and fungal in about 3%; complications such as pneumothorax may ...

IN 1953 Sutliff, Hughes and Rice 1 reported a series of 21 cases of pleural disease presenting various problems of management and diagnosis. Pleural biopsy in 17 cases showed granulomatous disease of ...

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association have released guidelines for investigation of exposure and transmission of tuberculosis and ...