The "graveyard spiral" often results from pilots losing outside visual reference and becoming disoriented due to a fundamental design flaw in the artificial horizon (attitude indicator). The current ...

Initial flight training emphasizes trusting instruments over senses to overcome spatial disorientation, especially in low visibility conditions. However, during night takeoffs, the gyro-based attitude ...

Aviation instruments are highly interesting pieces of engineering, and it is quite satisfying to watch the often over-engineered mechanisms behind them. If you are into that sort of thing it is ...

[Ken] recently obtained an attitude indicator—sometimes called an artificial horizon—from an F-4 fighter jet. Unlike some indicators, the F-4’s can rotate to show pitch, roll, and yaw, so it moves in ...