Listen to the full series on BBC Sounds. Fractional distillation works because the different liquids have different boiling points. When the mixture is heated: vapours rise through a column which is ...

Currently the typical way that crude oil is processed involves a fractional distillation column, in which heated crude oil is separated into the various hydrocarbon compounds using distinct boiling ...

Cocktail Queries is a Paste series that examines and answers basic, common questions that drinkers may have about mixed drinks, cocktails and spirits. Check out every entry in the series to date. When ...

In a field test to determine the viability of artificial intelligence (AI) to control a chemical plant, automation technology supplier Yokogawa Electric Corporation and chemical manufacturer JSR ...

A distillation tray is used to mix vapors and liquids together. The better the mixing, the more efficiently the tray works. Tray efficiency also depends on two other factors: how well the droplets of ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. There’s a new wrinkle in the saga of Chinese company DeepSeek’s recent announcement of a super-capable R1 model that combines high ...

Natural water contains minute concentrations of ‘heavy’ oxygen and hydrogen. Water enriched in these heavy isotopes is critical for a range of specific applications in medicine and nuclear science, ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. The Chinese AI company DeepSeek released a chatbot earlier this year called R1, which drew a huge amount of attention. Most of it ...