Scientists have succeeded in theoretically determining the electrical conductivity of NaCl solution (salt water) in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment at ground depths ranging from 10 to ...

The thermal conductivity of nanofluids is an important characteristic of heat transfer. Nanofluids are fluids composed of a base fluid and nano-sized particles (1 ...

Deep inside the Earth exist pockets of water, but the liquid there isn’t like the water on the surface. When exposed to unimaginably high temperatures and pressures, water exhibits all sorts of weird ...

A nanofluid is a fluid that contains nanoparticles that have been dispersed evenly throughout the fluid. Nanoparticles, generally smaller than 100 nanometers, are combined with a base fluid (such as ...

Researchers have developed an innovative methodology for measuring the electrical conductivity of microbial communities. This methodology holds promise for the development of batteries and ...

Scientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www ...

This time, my focus is on a cheap TDS meter. TDS meters are small hand-held devices used to indicate the Total Dissolved Solids in a solution, usually water. Since dissolved ionized solids (such as ...