Cold-formed steel (CFS) has emerged as a versatile and sustainable material in modern construction, offering considerable advantages in terms of weight, ease of fabrication and enhanced performance ...

Advances in the design and evaluation of cold-formed steel (CFS) shear walls have significantly enhanced the seismic resilience of modern structures. These walls, which integrate thin-gauge steel ...

The terms hot-rolled steel and cold-rolled steel come from the process of producing the steel. Rolling is employed to enhance specific properties of the steel, such as its mechanical characteristics, ...