The fourth heart sound (S4), also known as the "atrial gallop", occurs just before S1 when the atria contract to force blood into the LV. If the LV is non-compliant and atrial contraction forces blood ...

The term ‘galloping heart’ might evoke images of a horse in full stride, but in medical terms, it refers to an abnormal heart rhythm that can be indicative of underlying cardiac issues. This condition ...